The Great Orders of Chivalry: Templars, Teutonics and Hospitalers - Historical Curiosities - YouTube
发布时间 2023-05-03 16:00:00 来源
The Crusader Era was one of the most troubled periods in history. Several European kingdoms came together to defend the Christian faith and to reconquer Jerusalem, which was under the rule of a Muslim Caliphate. Many men, coming from various social classes, left their homes and families in order to respond to the request of the Catholic churches. They went on pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
十字军时代是历史上最动荡的时期之一。几个欧洲王国联合起来捍卫基督教信仰并重新夺回了被穆斯林哈里发统治的耶路撒冷。许多来自不同社会阶层的人为了响应天主教会的请求，离开他们的家人离乡背井，前往圣地朝圣。
These men dreamed of knowing the lands over which they had heard incredible stories in preaching and masses. Some were looking for wealthiness and the opportunity to receive noble titles. Some were already descendants of noble lineages. These belonged to the most devastating force on the medieval battlefields, the cavalry.
这些人梦想着了解那些他们在传教和弥撒中听到过难以置信故事的土地。一些人寻求财富和获得贵族头衔的机会。一些人已经是贵族血统的子孙。他们属于中世纪战场上最具毁灭力量的骑兵部队。
To protect their social status and their own interests, several cavalry orders were created. Cavalry orders were composed of members who shared the same interests and ideals. Those orders had specific functions on the battlefields.
为了保护他们的社会地位和自身利益，人们建立了几个骑兵团。骑兵团由具有相同兴趣和理想的成员组成。这些团队在战场上有着具体的作用。
The road from the European roads to Jerusalem was full of dangers. Violent groups of looters infested these regions. Many pilgrims ended up dying before seeing the Holy Land.
从欧洲之路到耶路撒冷充满了危险。暴力的抢劫团伙在这些地区盛行。许多朝圣者最终在未能看到神圣之地之前丧生。
To try to solve this problem, King Baldwin II of Jerusalem encouraged the creation of a new cavalry order. In 1118, the order of the poor fellow soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon was founded, which became better known as the Order of the Knights Templar. The Order of the Knights Templar was founded by Hughes Depayans, a French nobleman. Together with only eight knights, he created one of the most famous military institutions in history.
为了解决这个问题，耶路撒冷的巴尔德温二世国王鼓励成立了一个新的骑士团。1118年，贫穷的基督战士和所罗门圣殿骑士团成立，后来更为人所熟知的是圣殿骑士团。圣殿骑士团由法国贵族休·德佩永斯创建。他只有八名骑士，却创立了历史上最著名的军事机构之一。
The initial objective of the Order of the Knights Templar was to protect the Christian pilgrims who were on their way to the Holy Land, in search of religious comfort, or to enlist in the armies of the Crusaders.
最初的圣殿骑士团的目标是保护前往圣地寻求宗教安慰或加入十字军军队的基督徒朝圣者。
With such a noble function, the Knights Templar received many financial donations from the European faithful, and even from other cavalry orders. The Order of the Knights Templar grew rapidly in wealth, and in the number of members who wanted to fight in the name of the Christian faith. The Knights Templar amassed immense fame and prestige. Pope Gregory IX exempted the Order from paying taxes, considering that the role of this organization in the Crusades was extremely important. Because they were not obliged to pay taxes to the Church and the Crown, the Order of the Knights Templar accumulated wealth without equal.
由于具有如此崇高的职能，圣殿骑士团从欧洲虔诚信徒，甚至其他骑士团都收到了许多经济捐赠。圣殿骑士团的财富和以基督信仰的名义而战的成员人数迅速增长。圣殿骑士团积累了巨大的名声和声望。教皇格里高利九世免除了该组织缴纳税款，认为该组织在十字军东征中的作用极其重要。因为他们不需要向教会和统治者缴纳税款，圣殿骑士团在财富上达到了前所未有的积累。
On the battlefield, the Templars used chainmail protection. Often that protection went from the feet to the head. They also used strong helmets and a wide heavy sword, capable of causing damage even when it lost its cutting edge. The Templars were easily recognized in battle by their white robes, adorned with red crosses. They were the most feared group of knights in the Crusades. For all its fame, the Order of the Knights Templar was never numerous. At its peak, it had about 400 members. Against enemy armies, it was almost always outnumbered.
在战场上，圣殿骑士团使用锁子甲进行防护。通常这种防护从脚到头都覆盖到。他们还使用坚固的头盔和一把宽阔而重的剑，即使剑的切割刃已经失去了锋利也能造成伤害。圣殿骑士团在战斗中很容易被他们身穿带有红色十字的白袍所认出。他们是十字军中最可怕的骑士团。尽管声名显赫，但圣殿骑士团从未有过很多成员。在鼎盛时期，它只有大约400名成员。在与敌军交战时，骑士团几乎总是人数上处于劣势。
The religious fervor and loyalty to the Order, of which they were part, motivated the Knights Templar to organize almost suicidal attacks, causing terror while they advanced fearlessly towards death through the enemy lines.
因为他们是神圣骑士团的一部分，对宗教的热诚和对骑士团的忠诚使得圣殿骑士团心甘情愿地组织了几乎是自杀式的攻击，无畏地穿越敌人阵线，同时引发恐怖。
When they were not in battle, the Knights were ordered to lead a humble and modest life, similar to the lifestyle of Catholic monks. They had a strict code of conduct that they would have to follow in their daily lives. Among the rules, they avoided eating meat on Wednesdays, spent many hours in prayer and asking for clemency for the use of violence, kept their vows of chastity, and they were forbidden from eating the meat of their battle horses, even if the animal died of natural causes.
当他们不参与战斗时，骑士们被命令过着谦逊而谦虚的生活，类似天主教修士的生活方式。他们有一套严格的行为准则，日常生活中必须遵守。其中的规定包括，在周三不食用肉类，花费许多时间祈祷和请求宽恕使用暴力，遵守独身誓言，禁止食用战马的肉，即使这些动物是自然死亡。
Members of the Order would also have to share the same bowl during meals, and receive the same amount of food and wine, regardless of their status. The Templars were also forbidden to hug or kiss any woman on the lips or on the cheek, even if that person was their own mother. This ideal of poverty was represented in the famous image of two writers, writing the same horse, a sign of humility, and rejection of one's pride.
圣殿骑士团成员在用餐时也必须共用同一个碗，并且无论身份高低都会获得相同分量的食物和酒。圣殿骑士团还被禁止与任何女性亲吻，无论是嘴唇还是脸颊，即使那个人是自己的母亲。这种贫困理念在著名的画面中得到了体现，画中有两位作者共乘一匹马，象征着谦卑和对个人自豪感的抛弃。
The Knights Templar Order would also have to give a new opportunity to the Knights who had been excommunicated by the Catholic Church. The excommunicated Knights would receive another chance to satisfy the divine will, if they accepted the dogmas and virtues of the Knights Templar. In this way they could participate again in the social circles of Christians.
圣殿骑士团还必须为被天主教会开除的骑士提供新的机会。如果被开除的骑士接受圣殿骑士团的教义和美德，他们将有机会满足神的旨意。这样，他们就能重新参与基督教社会圈子。
In the Templar Order, there were different hierarchies. Members who proved their worth could reach new positions, such as Treasurer, who took care of finances, or Master of Weapons to train new recruits. Each cavalry order was commanded by its leaders, usually members of the High Nobility. The Order of the Knights Templar was commanded by a nobleman who held the title of Master of the Temple of Jerusalem, with the accumulation of victories in the fight against the Sarasens.
在圣殿骑士团中，存在不同的等级制度。那些证明自己价值的成员可以晋升到新的职位，比如财务主管负责财务事务，或者武器大师负责训练新兵。每个骑士团都由其领导人指挥，通常都是高贵的成员。圣殿骑士团由一位在耶路撒冷圣殿担任大师职位的贵族指挥，凭借对与撒拉森人战斗中的胜利的积累。
Many of these leaders nurtured new ambitions. Some cavalry orders became political rivals. There were frequent debates about who had the right to keep the conquered lands and receive their taxes. The Templars were supposed to be obedient to the Church only, but in some cases they acted on their own ambition, attacking caravans and even Muslim villages in search of objects of value.
许多这些领导人培养了新的雄心壮志。一些骑士团的成员成为政治上的竞争对手。关于谁有权保留征服土地并收取税款的争论频繁不断。圣殿骑士团本应只对教会忠诚，但在某些情况下，他们出于个人野心行动，袭击商队甚至穆斯林村庄，寻找有价值的物品。
The Templars achieved many victories against the Sarasen armies, but in 1187 the Battle of Hatton occurred. In that battle a great army of Crusaders followed by Knights Templar faced the Sarasen troops commanded by Saladin. The battle was chaotic and brutal. The Crusaders were defeated and lost the city of Jerusalem. That event weakened the prestige of many cavalry orders.
在克鲁塞德对撒拉森军队的战斗中，圣殿骑士团取得了许多胜利，但在1187年，最后一战——哈顿战役发生了。在那场战役中，一支由十字军和圣殿骑士团组成的庞大军队与由萨拉丁指挥的撒拉森部队相对抗。这场战斗混乱而残酷，十字军被击败并失去了耶路撒冷城。这一事件削弱了许多骑士团的威望。
The wealth of the Knights Templar was so great that they began to lend money to kings and religious leaders throughout Europe. As they charged no interest for their loans, they were well regarded by many lords and feudal lords. Commerce was another valuable source of Templar income. They sold goods produced on the various lands under their control, such as wheat and barley. The Order of the Knights Templar established itself as a banking entity.
最初，圣殿骑士团的财富如此巨大，以至于他们开始向整个欧洲的国王和宗教领袖借贷。由于他们对贷款不收取任何利息，他们在许多领主和封建领主中享有很高声誉。商业也是圣殿骑士团收入的另一个宝贵来源。他们销售对他们控制下各个领地上生产的商品，如小麦和大麦。圣殿骑士团成为了一个银行实体。
Some kings and popes deposited their money in the vaults of the Knights Templar, knowing that their money would be safe under the protection of the poor Knights of Christ. One of the kings who regularly borrowed from the Templars was Philip IV of France. Without being able to pay debts, Philip IV created alliances with other noblemen and with Pope Clement V to overthrow the Knights Templar order and confiscate all its wealth. The plan worked.
一些国王和教皇将他们的钱存放在圣殿骑士的地下室，因为他们知道他们的钱在贫穷基督骑士的保护下是安全的。其中一位经常借贷于圣殿骑士的国王是法国的菲利普四世。由于无法偿还债务，菲利普四世与其他贵族和教皇克勉五世结盟，推翻圣殿骑士团并没收其所有财富。这个计划成功了。
The respected Knights Templar were accused of hertical crimes against the holiness of the church. Among the charges was the practice of obscure sex and the worship of pagan symbols. The Templars were persecuted, imprisoned, and cruelly tortured. Some fled to distant lands of Rome, like Spain, Portugal, and England. Still, many lost their lives, while swearing to be innocent and defending the honor of the Templar order.
备受尊敬的圣殿骑士团被指控犯下了反对教会的邪教罪行。其中包括进行奇异性行为的实践以及崇拜异教符号。圣殿骑士遭到了迫害、监禁和残酷的折磨。一些人逃往了遥远的罗马诸国，如西班牙、葡萄牙和英格兰。然而，许多人无辜丧命，但他们发誓自己清白无罪，捍卫了圣殿骑士团的荣誉。
On March 22, 1312, Pope Clement V officially declared the Order of the Knights Templar extinct. The last Templar leader was Jacques de Malay, who was executed at a pyre in Paris. Legend has it that before de Malay was burned to death, he cursed King Philip IV and Pope Clement V, saying that both would be accountable to God within a year. And yes, the King and the Pope lost their lives within a year. The remains of the sordid King Philip IV were stored at poison convent. The site was then struck by lightning, which set fire to the convent, along with the remains of King Philip IV.
1312年3月22日，教皇克莱芒五世正式宣布圣殿骑士团灭亡。最后一位圣殿骑士团领袖雅克·德·马来在巴黎被处以火刑。传说在德·马来被烧死之前，他诅咒了菲利普四世国王和克莱芒五世教皇，说他们两人都会在一年内对上帝负责。事实上，这位国王和教皇都在一年内去世了。堕落的菲利普四世国王的遗体被保存在毒药女修道院。然后该地被雷击，引发了火灾，包括菲利普四世国王的遗体在内的修道院被烧毁。
There are many stories and legends about the Knights Templar order. Most of its treasure was never found. It is still wanted these days. In antiquity, it was believed that the Knights Templars had found the Holy Grail chalice used by Jesus Christ at the Last Supper. In their secret vaults, they also kept the famous Ark of the Covenant, where the tablets of the Ten Commandments were, among other sacred relics. It is also believed that the remaining members of the Templars created Freemasonry, preserving its secrets under the mantle of a new secret fellowship. However, Freemasonry was created only 400 years after the fall of the Knights Templar, making it difficult to connect with the original Order of the Knights Templar.
关于圣殿骑士团，有许多故事和传说。他们的大部分财富从未被发现，如今仍被人们追寻着。古代人们相信圣殿骑士团找到了耶稣基督在最后的晚餐中使用的圣杯。在他们的秘密保险库中，他们还保留着著名的约柜，里面有十诫石版等其他神圣的遗物。也有人认为残存的圣殿骑士团成员创立了共济会，将其秘密隐藏在一个新的秘密协会的掩护下。然而，共济会是在圣殿骑士团覆灭后仅400年才成立，这使得和最初的圣殿骑士团联系起来变得困难。
In 2007, the Vatican acknowledged the injustice committed against the Order of the Knights Templar, absolving them of charges of witchcraft and other heretical practices against the Catholic Church. The history of the Knights Templar is a great example of the enormous power of faith in an ideal, and as greed can lead a king to commit acts of treason. The Templars will always be remembered in our history with admiration and reverence.
在2007年，梵蒂冈承认了对圣殿骑士团的不公正待遇，宣告他们无罪，澄清了对他们涉及巫术和其他异端行为的指控。圣殿骑士团的历史是信仰理想的巨大力量的杰出例证，同时也显示了贪婪如何导致国王背叛行为。我们将永远以敬仰和尊崇的心态铭记圣殿骑士团在我们历史中的地位。
The world was consumed by the commotion of battle. The Holy War had been declared. Thousands of warriors joined the Crusades in the name of their faith or their own interests. Many left their homes and traveled a long distance to fight for control of the Holy Land. In Jerusalem, the Order of Knights Templar fought to maintain the territories conquered by the Crusader armies and protect the passage of Christian pilgrims. German Knights came together from the far north, further increasing the number of Crusader warriors.
世界被战争的喧嚣所吞噬。圣战已经宣告。成千上万的战士以信仰或个人的利益为名加入了十字军的队伍。他们中的许多人离开了自己的家乡，长途跋涉来为控制圣地而战斗。在耶路撒冷，圣殿骑士团努力维护十字军军队所征服的领土，并保护基督教朝圣者的通道。德国骑士们从遥远的北方赶来，进一步增加了十字军战士的数量。
The battles against the Saracen armies were deeply violent. Many Crusaders ended up badly wounded. In order to respond to the need to provide urgent medical care, cavalry orders specialized in the treatment of injuries and illnesses were created. The Order of Knights Hospitaler made every effort to fulfill its duty and serve as many people as possible, but the number of people in need was much greater than the medical units could handle. The Knights of the North ended up without medical care, many times even without basic first aid, because the Knights Hospitaler gave preference to the warriors of France and England. It was necessary to create a new Order of Cavalry, which could treat the Northern soldiers, and at the same time assist in the battles. During the Third Crusade, between 1189 and 1192, the Order of Teutonic Knights was founded.
与撒拉森军队的战斗异常激烈。许多十字军最终严重受伤。为了应对紧急医疗需求，一些骑士团创建了专门治疗伤病的骑士团。医院骑士团竭力履行自己的职责，尽可能为更多的人提供服务，但是需要医疗援助的人数远远超过医疗单位的承受范围。北方骑士们常常没有得到医疗照顾，甚至连基本的急救措施都没有，因为医院骑士团更青睐来自法国和英格兰的战士。因此有必要创建一个新的骑士团，既能给北方士兵提供治疗，同时又能参与战斗。在第三次十字军东征期间（1189-1192年），条顿骑士团成立了。
The Order of Teutonic Knights was composed mostly of German Knights, with knowledge of medicine. They followed the motto, Help Defend Heal. The Teutonic Order had a humble origin, depending on donations of money and food to survive. But, in 1210, the Teutons achieved great importance. The fourth Teutonic Grandmaster was Herman von Salza, who fought to raise the status of the Teutonic Order, establishing new alliances with powerful kings and nobles. Herman received new lands, villages and castles, ensuring a valuable source of income for the Order.
条顿骑士团主要由德国骑士组成，他们具备医药知识。他们的座右铭是“帮助、保卫、治愈”。条顿骑士团起初比较不起眼，依赖于捐赠的金钱和食物来生存。但是到1210年，他们变得非常重要。第四任条顿总大师赫尔曼·冯·萨尔察（Herman von Salza）为提升条顿骑士团的地位而奋斗，与有势力的国王和贵族建立了新的联盟。赫尔曼获得了新的土地、村庄和城堡，确保了骑士团的宝贵收入来源。
The Teutonic Knights stood out for the use of white robes adorned with black crosses. They quickly gained a reputation for being great warriors in battle. Unlike the Knights Templar, who had a humbler appearance, the Teutons liked to wear extravagant helmets adorned with horns and bird feathers. Because they were a strictly military order with few religious traits, they were also different from the Knights Templar. These characteristics made the Teutonic Knights brutal warriors with few limits on the battlefield.
条顿骑士以身穿白袍，上面饰有黑十字而著称。他们迅速赢得了战场上伟大勇士的声誉。与谦逊的圣殿骑士不同，条顿骑士喜欢戴着装饰有角和鸟羽的华丽头盔。由于他们是一个纯军事组织，几乎没有宗教特征，他们与圣殿骑士也有所不同。这些特点使得条顿骑士成为了战场上残酷无情、没有束缚的勇士。
In 1211, King Andrew II of Hungary strengthened relations with the Order of Teutonic Knights, offering them fertile territories in the region of Transylvania. In return, Teutons would have to help in the struggle against pagan tribes, invading the region, and occasionally against the kingdoms of Poland and Russia. But this created problems, because the Hungarian lords did not like the presence of German knights on their land. This mistrust augmented with the constant increase in the number of members of the Teutonic Order. Due to the enormous political pressure they suffered, the Teutonic Knights were expelled from Hungary and went to the north of Poland. This further increased the conflicts against the Polish armies.
1211年，匈牙利的安德烈二世国王与德意志骑士团加强了关系，向他们提供了在特兰西瓦尼亚地区的肥沃领土。作为回报，德意志骑士团必须在对抗入侵该地区的异教徒部落以及时常面对波兰和俄罗斯王国时提供帮助。但这引发了问题，因为匈牙利领主们不喜欢德国骑士在他们的土地上存在。这种不信任随着德意志骑士团成员数量的不断增加而加剧。由于承受了巨大的政治压力，德意志骑士团被赶出了匈牙利，并前往波兰北部。这进一步加剧了对波兰军队的冲突。
After the conquest of new territories in Poland, the Teutons created the state of the Teutonic Order. They had completely abandoned the objective of helping in the fight for the Holy Land. Already after the end of the Crusades, the Teutonic Order remained solid, participating in battles against the Mongolian invaders who devastated the whole of Northern Europe. The Order of Teutonic Knights existed as a military institution until 1809, when Napoleon Bonaparte ordered its extinction, confiscating all the territories of the Order, but this was not the end of the Teutonic Order. In 1929, Pope Pius XI re-established the Order, which ceased to be a military institution and became part of the Catholic clergy. The Order of the Teutons regained its original purpose, to help and heal people. It still exists today, maintaining hospitals and nursing homes in Austria and the Czech Republic.
在占领波兰的新领土之后，条顿骑士团创立了条顿骑士团国家。他们完全放弃了帮助圣地战斗的目标。十字军东征结束后，条顿骑士团仍然坚固存在，并参与了对摧毁整个北欧的蒙古入侵者进行的战斗。条顿骑士团作为一个军事机构存在直到1809年，那时拿破仑·波拿巴下令解散了它，没收了所有骑士团的领土，但这并不意味着条顿骑士团的终结。1929年，教皇庇护十一世重新恢复了这个骑士团，它不再是一个军事机构，而是成为了天主教的一部分。条顿骑士团恢复了它最初的目标，即帮助和治愈人们。它至今仍然存在，维持着奥地利和捷克共和国的医院和养老院。
During the Crusader era, the world was quite violent. The constant migration of Europeans to the Holy Land also fostered a torrent of illness and disease. And when the terrible battles were over, many corpses were left behind, increasing the proliferation of pests like rats and flies. In some places the situation was almost on edge, urgent measures were needed, Jerusalem was the city with the greatest flow of people in this region. Due to its religious importance, the city was inhabited by Jews, Christians and even Muslims. This large number of people who lived daily in the narrow streets of the city also increased the chance of epidemics.
在十字军时代，世界是相当暴力的。欧洲人不断迁徙到圣地也导致了疾病和疾病的激增。而且，可怕的战斗结束后，许多尸体被遗弃，进一步加剧了老鼠和苍蝇等害虫的繁殖。在某些地方，情况几乎到了紧急状态，需要采取紧急措施，耶路撒冷是这个地区流动人口最多的城市。由于宗教的重要性，这座城市被犹太人、基督徒甚至穆斯林居住。这么多人每天都生活在城市狭窄的街道上，也增加了流行病的几率。
The first crusade ended in 1099. This year an establishment was founded to shelter Christian pilgrims in Jerusalem. It was the monastery of St. John the Baptist. To alleviate the suffering of the city's sick, a hospital was built inside the monastery. The hospital was run by monks of the Order of St. Benedict. They wore dark robes in their daily lives.
第一次十字军东征于1099年结束。当年在耶路撒冷建立了一个避难所，供基督教朝圣者使用，这便是圣约翰洗者修道院。为了缓解城市疾病患者的苦难，修道院内设立了一所医院。该医院由圣本笃会的修士管理，他们在日常生活中穿着黑色长袍。
Even with the hospital helping in the public health of the city, it was not enough to treat the Crusader soldiers, who often left to fight in territories far from Jerusalem. Soldiers wounded in battle had to be transported over a long distance to reach the hospital. Many could not resist that painful journey. On the other hand, sending monks without combat training to treat the wounded on the battlefields did not seem a good solution.
尽管医院在公共卫生方面对这个城市做出了贡献，但对于经常奔赴离耶路撒冷遥远地区作战的十字军士兵来说，这还是不够。战斗中受伤的士兵需要经过长时间的运输才能到达医院。许多人无法忍受这种痛苦的旅程。另一方面，派遣没有战斗训练的僧侣在战场上医治受伤者似乎不是一个好的解决办法。
It was there that Girard Thome, one of the most important members of the monastery of St. John the Baptist, founded the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, also known as the Order of the Knights Hospitaler. The monastery of St. John became the official headquarters of the Knights Hospitaler. There, the young recruits of the Order studied and learned not only the art of combat, but also the art of medicine. The Order of the Knights Hospitaler had, as its main objective, to protect the monastery, to protect the Christians of Jerusalem, and to treat the needy.
就是在这里，圣约翰洗者修道院的重要成员之一吉拉尔·托马创立了马尔他主权军团，也称为骑士医院骑士团。圣约翰修道院成为骑士医院骑士团的官方总部。在那里，骑士团的年轻学员不仅学习战斗技巧，还学习医学艺术。骑士医院骑士团的主要目标是保护修道院，保护耶路撒冷的基督徒，并治疗有需要的人。
The motto of the hospitaler was, to defend the faith and help the poor. To reinforce the ideal of humility, the Knights Hospitaler kept a simple appearance. Their robes had the dark colors worn by the monks of the monastery, but they also started to bear a white cross. By 1136, the number of members of the hospitaler Order had grown. With the acquisition of new castles and territories, it officially became a military order. The Knights Hospitaler became a life force on the battlefield. Not only did they treat the wounded soldiers, but they ferociously fought the Saracen armies.
医院骑士的座右铭是捍卫信仰和帮助穷人。为了强化谦卑的理念，医院骑士保持了简朴的外表。他们的长袍颜色深，与修道院的僧侣们一样，但也开始佩戴白十字。到1136年，医院骑士团的成员数量不断增长。随着新城堡和领地的获得，它正式成为一个军事组织。医院骑士成为战场上的生力军。他们不仅治疗受伤士兵，还凶猛地与萨拉森军队作战。
One of the most important battles, where the Knights Hospitaler were present, was the Battle of Arseph, part of the Third Crusade. In that battle, King Richard the Lionheart was in trouble before the army of Sultan Saladin. Saladin's army had a numerical advantage. It consisted mainly of light cavalry and archers on horseback. The Knights Hospitaler were in the rear of Richard the Lionheart's army, where they helped the wounded soldiers. Realizing that the battle could be lost, the Knights Hospitaler abandoned their position and attacked, while shouting their war cry, for Saint George. The Knights' sudden attack surprised the Saracen army, causing it to retreat, and allowing the remaining crusaders to reorganize a counterattack. After the battle, King Richard the Lionheart praised the bravery of the Knights Hospitaler, further valuing the symbolism of the order.
在第三次十字军东征中，其中一场最重要的战斗是亚色夫战役，病院骑士团在此战中也参与其中。在这场战斗中，狮心王理查德陷入困境，面对苏丹萨拉丁的军队。萨拉丁的军队数量上占据了优势，主要由轻骑兵和骑射手组成。病院骑士团位于理查德狮心军队的后方，他们帮助了伤员。意识到战斗可能会失败，病院骑士团放弃了原本的位置并发起了攻击，并高呼圣乔治的战斗口号。骑士们突如其来的攻击使撒拉逊军队感到惊讶，导致其撤退，让余下的十字军重新组织反击。战斗结束后，狮心王理查德赞扬了病院骑士团的勇敢，进一步重视了该团体的象征意义。
Around 1278, the Knights Hospitaler began to wear the color red in their battle tunics. It was a color used mainly by the leaders of the order. After 1530, the Hospitaler order established itself on the island of Malta, south of the island of Sicily. They remained in Malta until 1798, when they were forced to leave the island after an attack by Napoleon Bonaparte, while the French Emperor was on his way to Egypt. Napoleon deceived the Grand Master, who commanded the island's castle, saying he only wanted to replenish the provisions of his ships. But when they landed, Napoleon's troops attacked the Knights. The survivors were expelled from the island.
大约在1278年，医院骑士团开始在他们的战袍上穿着红色。红色主要是用于骑士团的领导者。1530年后，医院骑士团在西西里岛以南的马耳他岛建立了自己。他们一直在马耳他岛居住，直到1798年，在拿破仑·波拿巴进军埃及途中，他们被迫离开了这个岛屿，因为遭受了拿破仑的攻击。拿破仑欺骗了指挥这个岛屿城堡的大团长，声称只是想补充他的船只的供应。但当他们登陆时，拿破仑的部队却攻击了骑士团。幸存者被驱逐离开了这个岛屿。
The Hospitaler order also had a strong presence in Portugal. Some members were part of the nobility, and even members of the Portuguese royal family. The Brazilian Emperor's Pedro I and Pedro II were part of the Order of the Knights Hospitaler. Finally, the order moved to Rome, where it is still active today. The Order of the Knights Hospitaler no longer does military training. Its work is focused on healthcare, maintaining good relations with the governments of several countries. The Hospitaler order still maintains properties, such as a military fortress on the island of Malta, a castle on the island of Rhodes, as well as churches and some emergency rooms spread throughout Europe.
医院骑士团也在葡萄牙有着很强的存在感。一些成员是贵族，甚至是葡萄牙皇室的成员。巴西皇帝佩德罗一世和佩德罗二世也是医院骑士团成员。最后，该骑士团搬到了罗马，今天仍然活跃。医院骑士团不再进行军事训练，他们的工作重心放在医疗保健上，并与多个国家政府保持良好关系。医院骑士团仍然拥有一些财产，比如位于马耳他岛的军事堡垒，罗得岛的城堡，以及散布在欧洲各地的一些教堂和急诊室。
The incredible story of the Knights Hospitaler has not yet come to an end. The members of the Order traded the fight on the battlefields for the noble purpose of saving lives.
卓越而不可思议的骑士医院会的故事尚未结束。该组织成员将战场上的搏斗交换为崇高的救生使命。